55

Azerbaijan Rug, late 18th century

5 ft. 10 in. x 4 ft. 9 in.

  • Provenance: Sotheby's London, Joseph Ritman Collection, 18 October 1995, Lot 85.
  • Literature:
    - Hali 61. "Bausback Ad." Hali Publications Ltd: London, 1992, p. 60.
    - Hali 84. "Auction Price Guide." Hali Publications Ltd: London, 1996, p. 135.
    - Hali 84. "One Man's Meat." Hali Publications Ltd: London, 1996, p. 140.
    - Boralevi, Alberto, Moya Carey, Murray L. Eiland III, Michael Franses, Irina Koshoridze, Sumru Belger Krody, Brian Morehouse, Penny Oakley, Asli Samadova and Jennifer Wearden. Stars of the Caucasus: Silk Embroideries From Azerbaijan. Hali Publications Ltd: London, 2018, p. 203, no. 10.6.
  • Notes: [Auction Price Guide]
    Azerbaijan Rug
    Late 18th century
    1.44 x 1.77m (4'9" x 5'10")
    Sotheby's London
    18 October 1995

    This beautiful and quite important Ritman Collection rug belongs to a group of carpets from eastern Anatolia, western Caucasia and northern Persia, with a dominant medallion and pendant palmettes. The latter show its connection to Persian medallion carpets, while the layout of the octagonal medallion provides a link with Turkmen design. Two rugs from the same group, neither as beautiful, are in the Türk ve Islam Eserleri Museum, Istanbul (Yetkin, Caucasian Carpets in Turkey, col. I, pls. 101 & 102). Discussing pls. 82 and 83 in Orient Stars (note 283, p. 369), Michael Franses cites 14 known examples, of which this is no. 7. It was advertised by Bausback in Hali 61 (p. 60) and exhibited at Maastricht in 1992. As SLO's catalogue points out, it provides an important stylistic link between the Azerbaijan silk embroideries of the 17th century and later Transcaucasian pile rugs. It is the design antecedent to the Lori Pambak group, early examples of which are discussed by Raoul Tschebull in Hali 1/3 (pp. 257-261).

    [Sotheby's London catalogue caption] The lot offered here provides an intriguing stylistic link between 17th Century Azerbaijan embroideries and later Caucasian weavings.
    Early Caucasian rugs with a centralized medallion are rare: overall, multi-medallion or directional designs derived from Safavid carpet prototypes (see Ellis, Caucasian) are much more common. The impetus for the production of these earlier, large format carpets almost certainly came from the Safavid rulers of the region at the time and they must have been intended for export. Perhaps, with the destabilization of Persia and consequently, Azerbaijan, through the mid 18th century, the demand for large pieces fell off and the weavers turned to the small format of their embroideries as design inspiration for rugs. Certainly, late 18th and 19th century Caucasian production is principally smaller pieces. The design of the present lot is very close to that of some embroideries, see Sotheby's London, The Toms Collection, 7th June 1995, Lot 16 and Wearden, Hali 59, pls. 2, 3 & 6. It is also possible to see in the present piece the antecedents of later Caucasian designs, for example, the Perepedil rug illustrated as pl. 9, Klose, Hali 55 and Kazak Sewan and Karatchop rugs.
    For further discussion of the relationship between Azerbaijan embroideries and rugs, see Wearden, op. cit.; Klose, op. cit.; Tschebull, Hali 62 and Sotheby's London, 28th April 1993, Lot 60.
  • Condition: Please note: All property is sold "AS IS" and any statement, whether oral or written, is given as a courtesy and shall not be deemed as a guarantee, warranty, or representation of the authenticity of authorship, physical condition, size, quality, rarity, importance, provenance, exhibitions, literature or historical relevance of the property or otherwise. The absence of a condition report does not imply the item is in perfect condition.

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