85

Rare Chinese Export American Market Armorial Plate from the cargo of the Empress of China, the first American ship to port at Canton

ca. 1786-1787; with blue enameled rim decorated with gilt husks, a chained band at the well; bearing a central armorial with the name Elias Morgan; diameter: 7 1/2 in.

  • Literature: For similar examples, see Howard, D. S., Chinese Armorial Porcelain, London: 1974, Vol. I, p. 747, W3; Howard, D. S., New York and the China Trade, New York: 1984, p. 82 (illus.); and Howard, D. S., The Choice of the Private Trader, London: 1994, Vol. I, p. 102. A tureen from the service sold at Sotheby's, New York, Chinese Export Porcelain from the Private Collection of Elinor Gordon, 23 January 2010, Lot 77 ($5,312 price realized). An identical plate sold at Grogan & Company, Boston, Chinese Export: A Boston Collection, 16 August 2023, Lot 224 ($1,625 price realized). An identical plate is in the collection of the Metropolitan Museum of Art. A group of three tureens (one with undertray) is in the collection of the Art Institute of Chicago.
  • Notes: This plate is from one of two closely related armorial services made for the Morgan family of Hartford, Connecticut, among the earliest American personalized services ordered after the opening of direct trade between the United States and China. The arms used on the service were recorded for Morgan of Boston in 1636 and Morgan of Flushing in 1693, and were also associated with Sir Henry Morgan, Governor of Jamaica. The two Hartford brothers, John and Elias Morgan, each had a service made; the present example is from the service inscribed for Elias Morgan.

    The service has long been discussed in connection with the Empress of China, the three-masted, square-rigged ship that inaugurated direct American commerce with Canton. The vessel sailed from New York on February 22, 1784, Washington's birthday, under Captain John Green, with Samuel Shaw serving as supercargo, and returned to New York on May 11, 1785. Although the financial returns were not extraordinary, the voyage proved that merchants of the newly independent United States could trade directly with China, outside the older British East India Company system. The success of the voyage quickly encouraged further American expeditions to Canton, including the return of the Empress of China on a second voyage. The Morgan family's particular connection to the ship came through John Morgan, nephew of John and Elias, who served as a carpenter aboard the Empress of China and died on the return voyage. Earlier scholarship sometimes associated the Morgan services directly with the ship's first cargo; however, recent scholarship suggests that the surviving services were likely ordered slightly later. For a more detailed discussion of the above see Lange, 2005, pp. 248-249, no. 105.
  • Condition: Please note: All property is sold "AS IS" and any statement, whether oral or written, is given as a courtesy and shall not be deemed as a guarantee, warranty, or representation of the authenticity of authorship, physical condition, size, quality, rarity, importance, provenance, exhibitions, literature or historical relevance of the property or otherwise. The absence of a condition report does not imply the item is in perfect condition.

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